As a result, the glass pack mufflers end up producing sounds that are more aggressive and louder than the straight-through muffler. This is a little bit different from most original exhaust systems. Today we’ll focus on the cat-back exhaust systems and what makes them stand out. There are the header-back, turbo-back, axle-back and cat-back systems.
An upstream air injection point, ahead of the catalytic converter, is also sometimes present to provide additional oxygen only during the engine warm up period. This causes unburned fuel to ignite in the exhaust tract, thereby preventing it reaching the catalytic converter at all. This technique reduces the engine runtime needed for the catalytic converter to reach its "light-off" or operating temperature. Many vehicles have a close-coupled catalytic converter located near the engine's exhaust manifold. The converter heats up quickly, due to its exposure to the very hot exhaust gases, enabling it to reduce undesirable emissions during the engine warm-up period.
Most designs of the time therefore included secondary air injection, which injected air into the exhaust stream. This increased the available oxygen, allowing the catalyst to function as intended. Cat-back exhaust systems replace every component behind the catalytic converter, including most piping, mufflers, resonators, and tailpipes.
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